If you’re new to real estate, or preparing to make an offer on your first home, you might be wondering what mortgage is best for a novice home buyer.
This is especially important now that mortgage rates have essentially doubled, putting budgets front and center.
It also means the popular 30-year fixed is no longer the default option for home buyers, with cheaper adjustable-rate mortgages now a consideration.
While both seasoned homeowners and first-time buyers may wind up with the same exact home loan, there are additional options to consider if you’ve never bought a home before.
Let’s explore the many loan choices available today to determine what might be best in the current environment.
Home Loan Types to Consider If a First-Time Buyer
I’ve listed the most common loan types available to first-time home buyers, many of which are also an option for existing homeowners.
These generally don’t require much in terms of down payment, which seems to be a chief need/want for first-time buyers that don’t have the equity of move-up buyers.
Personally, I prefer to put down 20% on a home purchase to avoid costly mortgage insurance and obtain a lower mortgage rate, but I understand that isn’t always realistic.
So for those lacking assets, the programs listed above are probably a good starting point.
Once you choose a loan type, you can decide on a specific loan program, such as a 30-year fixed, 15-year fixed, or an ARM.
While most first-time buyers will ultimately go with a 30-year fixed, let’s discuss how the property itself could dictate your financing decision.
Is Your First Home a Starter Home or a Forever Home?
- Always think about how long you’ll stay in the property
- It might be possible to save money by choosing an ARM if you plan on moving soon
- Many first-time buyers move-up to larger properties within a few short years
- Your expected tenure is also a key consideration with regard to paying points
The first thing I’d consider when buying a first home would be how long you plan to keep it. A lot of folks buy what are known as “starter homes” initially, then move up to larger homes within a few years.
For example, if you just got married and want to buy a home next, you might also be thinking about starting a family shortly after that.
This often results in outgrowing that first home, and requiring a new, larger property. Depending on your timeline, this could all happen within just a few years.
In that case, it could make sense to go with a hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) such as the 5/1 ARM or 7/1 ARM.
While fixed mortgage rates aren’t much more expensive than ARMs at the moment, this isn’t always the case. Sometimes it’s significantly cheaper to go with an ARM.
And these hybrid ARMs offer a fixed-rate period for the first five or seven years before you even have to worry about an interest rate adjustment.
In other words, it operates exactly like a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage up until its first adjustment – by then you could have already sold and moved on to a new property.
Another consideration is whether or not to pay points – again, how long you plan on staying has a lot to do with it.
There’s no point (no pun intended) in paying points at closing on a mortgage you’ll only keep for a few years. Often it takes many years to break-even on discount points paid.
You Don’t Want to Be House Poor
- You may experience payment shock or become house poor when buying your first home
- This means going from paying a relatively small amount to a large amount monthly
- Also consider the other bills you’ll need to pay like homeowners insurance and property taxes
- Don’t look at the mortgage like a bad debt, it’s often the cheapest debt you’ll have the joy of repaying
It may be tempting to go with a shorter-term mortgage such as the 15-year fixed, seeing that it can cut your interest expense significantly. But it will also nearly double your monthly payment.
One thing mortgage lenders consider when extending home loans to first-time buyers is payment shock.
Simply put, if you go from paying $1,000 per month in rent to $3,000 on a mortgage, they may worry that you’ll have a tough time adjusting to the higher payments.
And they have good reason to worry because it’s all supported by data.
Even if you are approved for a shorter-term mortgage, it might be better to take things slow instead of going all-in on the mortgage.
Sure, it’s great to pay off a large debt quickly, but a mortgage can be a good debt, and is often the cheapest debt you’ll have.
Despite the 30-year fixed coming in closer to 5.5% or higher, it’s still relatively cheap compared to other debt like credit cards and so on.
And, it’s always possible to make extra mortgage payments if you want to pay your mortgage off early, regardless of which loan program you choose.
Check Out Loan Programs Exclusively for First-Time Buyers
- Visit your state’s housing finance agency to see what special programs they offer
- It might be possible to get a mortgage with nothing down if you don’t have much money saved up
- Also search for first-time home buyer grants and Mortgage Credit Certificates that may be available to you
- Compare both traditional and first-time buyer loan programs to determine best option
While it’s possible to apply for any home loan out there, certain loan programs are reserved only for first-time home buyers.
These are meant to be more accommodating to those who may have trouble qualifying, often due to down payment.
If you check out your state’s housing finance agency, you should see loan programs geared specifically toward first-time buyers.
This can include down payment assistance, closing cost assistance, or both, handy if you haven’t saved much prior to purchase.
Note: These housing agencies are not lenders, so you’ll need to research them then use their “find a loan officer” section to see which lenders offer their products.
You can also do this in reverse if you’re already working with a lender. Ask what they offer to first-time home buyers.
It may also be possible to get a first-time home buyer grant with a large bank, local credit union, or direct mortgage lender.
Be sure to search for local grants because they’re often forgivable, meaning it doesn’t need to be paid back!
The one caveat to some of these loan programs is that you might need to complete a homeownership class, though it can be beneficial and is typically pretty basic and not all that time consuming.
Another perk first-time buyers might be able to take advantage of is a Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC), which can reduce your tax liability, thereby saving you money indirectly on your mortgage.
It may also allow you to qualify for a larger loan amount in some cases.
Lastly, look beyond loan programs for first-timers. You may not need any special loan program, and it could actually be cheaper to stick to a traditional one instead.
Best Mortgage Lenders for First-Time Buyers
I don’t know of one bank or lender that specializes in financing for first-time home buyers, though there are companies that only cater to home buyers, such as Tomo.
And with mortgage rates higher, many lenders are pivoting to be home buying specialists, so to speak.
Look out for special offers and incentives as the mortgage market becomes largely purchase-driven.
Ultimately, you’ll probably find a lot of the same loan programs no matter where you look, barring some of the unique offerings discussed in the prior section related to grants and state housing agencies.
This means you’ll be able to get an FHA loan, USDA loan, or VA loan from most banks/lenders out there. The only difference might be the mortgage rates and/or lender fees.
You should also be able to obtain a Fannie Mae HomeReady or Freddie Mac Home Possible loan from just about any lender, both of which require just three percent down when purchasing a home and come with other potential discounts.
Instead of focusing on a single lender, it might be better to get in touch with an experienced mortgage broker who can guide you through the loan process and compare rates and programs from dozens of lenders at once.
Alternatively, you can reach out to a HUD-approved housing counselor if you need one-on-one assistance or are uncertain of where to turn for financing.
An experienced real estate agent may also be helpful, as many of them are pretty well-versed in mortgages. Just be sure to due your own diligence and look beyond their own recommendations.
Ultimately, educating yourself on mortgages might be the best way to start your home buying journey. Being knowledgeable means being financially empowered.
Read more: What is a good price for a first-time home buyer?
